hellozybbaobao

Scores on MOPER fitness test items in 2006 are within the range of test items scores found in other studies.4,8,11 The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Tiffany Notes Dangle Key ring study population in 2006 are comparable to the results from a national study on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among a representative selection of Dutch youth during 2002-2004.26

Besides differences in performance on MOPER fitness test items between 1980 and 2006, the present study also indicates that today’s youth are significantly taller and heavier. Because individual data of body height and body weight were not available from the study of Leyten,20 no statistical comparison of individual BMI between study populations in 1980 and 2006 could be made, however the estimated mean values suggest the same trend.

International studies suggest a negative association between BMI and performance on neuromotor fitness tests.1,8,13 This corresponds with our findings. For boys and girls in the 2006 data, higher BMI was correlated with lower performance on ‘bent-arm hang’, 10 × 5 m Tiffany Notes heart tag key ring, ‘leg lift test’, ‘vertical high jump’ and ‘arm pull adjusted’ (r= 0.19-0.45). There was no association between BMI and performance on ‘plate tapping’ and ’sit and reach’ (r= 0.00-0.03).

An increase in BMI may both reflect an increase in fat mass as well as in fat-free mass.13,27 An increase in fat mass has a negative effect on fitness measures that require moving, lifting and supporting of the body against gravity.13′14,28 However, an increase in fat-free mass should enhance performance on power and strength measures.13,14 When all overweight and obese children in the present study were excluded from the analysis, almost all differences in performance on Tiffany keys heart key locket fitness test items between 1980 and 2006 remained significant. This finding suggests that increased BMI cannot fully explain the inferior performance in 2006.

Tomkinson13 reported a downward trend in neuromotor fitness of children worldwide since the 1980s. Changes in neuromotor fitness were calculated using performance on power and speed tests. On speed test performance, Tomkinson13 reported a decline of 0.08-0.09% per annum for children in the 1980s and 1990s. Results from the present study (mean decline of 0.13% per annum on ‘10 × 5 m run’) showed that changes in speed tests performance in Dutch youth are greater than those documented by Tomkinson.13 A possible explanation for this difference might be that Tomkinson13 combined performance on sprint running tests and agility sprint running tests to calculate speed performance. Sprint Tiffany Blue Box Charm and Chain tests only administer speed, while agility sprint running tests administer both speed and agility. If performance on both speed and agility has decreased through the years, decrease of performance on agility sprint running tests (as in ‘10 × 5 m run’ in the present study) will be greater than on sprint running alone.